![]() The nozzle is designed to atomize the fuel - to make as fine a mist as possible so that it can burn easily. When the injector is energized, an electromagnet moves a plunger that opens the valve, allowing the pressurized fuel to squirt out through a tiny nozzle. It is supplied with pressurized fuel by the fuel pump in your car, and it is capable of opening and closing many times per second. A fuel injector is nothing but an electronically controlled valve. These systems provide more accurate fuel metering and quicker response. These systems have a fuel injector for each cylinder, usually located so that they spray right at the intake valve. Gradually, as new engines were designed, throttle body fuel injection was replaced by multi-port fuel injection (also known as port, multi-point or sequential fuel injection). These were almost a bolt-in replacement for the carburetor, so the automakers didn't have to make any drastic changes to their engine designs. There was a brief period of electrically controlled carburetors before fuel injection systems took over, but these electrical carbs were even more complicated than the purely mechanical ones.Īt first, carburetors were replaced with throttle body fuel injection systems (also known as single point or central fuel injection systems) that incorporated electrically controlled fuel-injector valves into the throttle body. This is called closed loop control - it was not feasible to achieve this control with carburetors. ![]() ![]() Oxygen sensors monitor the amount of oxygen in the exhaust, and the engine control unit (ECU) uses this information to adjust the air-to-fuel ratio in real-time. Very careful control of the air-to-fuel ratio was required for the catalytic converter to be effective. In order to meet stricter emissions requirements, catalytic converters were introduced.
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